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Dashi Dorzho Itigilov (1852 - 1927) : RUSSIA |
óg jir wiQ wglg fmr wjika yqiau fy¿E fn!oaO ,dudjrhl=f.a zmoaudikz bßhõfjka we;s isrer reishdfõ mQckSh jia;+kaf.a tlla f,i fkdu| yrir ,nñka mj;S' Ndjkdkqfhda.Sj isáh§ wjika yqiau fy¿E reishdkq fn!oaO wdOHd;añl kdhl Oqrh fydnjñka isá fuu ,dudjrhdf.a isrer ;ju;a fkdÈrd fmr ;;a;ajfhau mej;Su fkdúi÷Kq wìryils'
jhi ye;a;Emfya§ ñh.sh fuu ,dudjrhdf.a isrer jir ye;a;Emylau mia hg ñysoka fldg ;sîfuka wk;=rej 2002 jif¾§ je<Æ ;ek leK t<shg .ksoa§ isrer j<ouk úg meje;s moaudik bßhõfõu th ;sîu w;s uy;a mqÿuhg ldrKhla ù ;sì‚'
óg jir wiQ wglg fmr 1927§ Ndjkdkqfhda.Sj isáh§ ñh.sh nj lshk fuu ,dudjrhdf.a isrer meh 36lg fmr ñh.sh whl=f.a uD; foayhg iudk nj th mÍlaId l< úoHd{hkaf.a woyihs'
reishdfõ j¾;udk m%Odk ,dudjrhdf.a jdiia:dkhys ys÷jd we;s moaudik bßhõfõ mj;sk isrer oel n,d .ekSug yd jkaokdudk lsÍug Èklg ish .Kka ne;su;=ka meñfKk nj lshefõ'
jir .Kkdjla mqrd lsisÿ fjkialulg Ndckh fkdù zmoaudikfhaz ys¢k fuu isrer 1911 - 1917 w;r ld,fha reishdfõ m%Odk fn!oaO wdOHd;añl kdhlhd jQ yïfnda ,dud bá.sf,daõf.a isrerh'
reishdfõ áfngfha fuka ,dudjreka úiqjo kdhl ,dudjrhd f;dard.ekSfï fjkila fõ' áfngfha§ ñh hk kdhl ,dudjrhl= kej; bm§ <uhl= f,iska f,djg meñfKk w;r tfia WmÈk ;eke;a;d fidhdf.k kej; kdhl ,dud ;k;=rg m;a lr.kq ,efí'
reishdfõ§ kdhl ,dud f;dard.kq ,nkafka ,dudjreka w;r mj;sk Pkaohlsks' tfyhska kdhl ,dud Oqrh ld, iSudjlg hg;a jk w;r tu ;k;=ßka my< fy<Suo isÿ l< yelsh' tlS ;k;=r ye¢kafjkafka yïfnda ,dud hk kñks'
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| Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov |
jhi wjqreÿ 16§ ish wd.ñl wOHdmkh ,nd.;a bá.sf,daõ Tyq mÈxÑj isá nq¾heÜ m%foaYfha mej;s fn!oaO úYajúoHd,hl jeäÿr wOHdmkh ,eîh' o¾Yk úoHdj yd ffjoH úoHdj iïnkaOfhka Wmdê ,nd.;a Tyq miqj T!IO úoHdj iïnkaOfhka úYajfldaIhlao ,sùh'
reishdfõ m%Odk ,dud Oqrhg 1911 m;aùfuka wk;=rej nq¾heÜiays úYd, fn!oaO m%fndaOhla we;s l< w;r reishdkq wêrdcHfha m%uqL;u wdOHd;añl kdhlhd njg m;aúh'
hqfrdamfha m%:u fn!oaO úydria:dkh Ydka; mSg¾ian¾.a kqjr bÈlsÍugo bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=ud odhl jQfhah' m<uq f,dal hqoaO iufha§ nqßhdÜ n%o¾ia kï ixúOdkh yryd reishdkq yuqodjg uqo,a" we÷ï me,÷ï" T!IO yd wjYH oE iemhqfõh' ;j;a ,dud ffjoHjreka iuÕ frday,a .Kkdjl ;=jd, ,enQ fin¿kag wjYH m%;sldr ,ndÿkafkah'
ish mqKHlghq;= i|yd bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud iïudkfhka o msÿï ,eîh'
˜r;= b.ekaùï˜ reishdkq fmdf<dj u; me;sr hoa§ 1926§ fn!oaO NslaIqkag reishdj yerhEug bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud Wmfoia ÿkafkah' tfy;a bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud tysu /÷fKah' jirlg miqj 1927§ ta ffofjdam.; Èkh Wodúh' wdY%ufha isá wfkl=;a ,dudjrekag ;ud jgd /iaùug lshQ t;=ud ;ud ñh hEug wdikak nj mejeiSh' wjux.,H pdß;% bgqlrñka Ndjkd W;aijh wdrïN lrk f,i bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud wfkl=;a ,dudjrekaf.ka b,a,d isáfhah'
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| The exhumed body of Itigilov |
Ndjkdjg iujÈkakg fmr bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud ÿka Wmfoia wkqj wfkl=;a ,dudjre t;=udf.a isrer iïnkaOfhka wjika lghq;= bgq l<y' bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=ud fufia wjika yqiau fy<kafka 1927§h' ;ud ys¢k moaudik bßhõfjkau foajodr ,Sfhka ;ekQ fmÜáhl nyd ¨Kq iuÕ ;u isrer iqidk N+ñfha ,dudjrekg fjkajQ fldgfia j< oeóug Ndjkdfõ ksu.ak ùug fmr bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud wfkl=;a ,dudjrekag Wmfoia ÿkafkah' tfiau ˜jir ;sylska wdmiq meñK uf.a isrer n,kak˜ hehso mejeiSh'
flfia jqj;a Bg miqj t<eUqKq jir .Kkdj reishdfõ ish¨ wd.ñl úYajdihkag lror ld,hla úh' nQ¾hdgd m%foaYhg wd.ñl jYfhka i,id ;snQ iykhka wvql< w;r ish .Kkla ,dudjre >d;kh lrk ,oy' m%foaYfha fn!oaO isoaOia:dk yd wdY%uhka 46la úkdY fldg oeñ‚'
flfia jqjo fojeks f,dal hqoaOh wjidkfha§ iagd,ska ish oeä u;h ,sys,a lrñka bfjd,skaiala wjg m%foaYfha ;rula ÿrg fn!oaO wdY%u f.dvkÕd .ekSug bv ie,iSh' fuu jd;djrKh hgf;a jqjo bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=udf.a jpkh wkqj ,dudjre jir 28lg miq 1955§ l=fla - iq¾flka lk;af;a msysá ñkS j< leŒug mgka .;ay'
leŒu l< whg oel.kakg ,enqfKa bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=udf.a isrer jir 28lg miq;a je<Æ wdldrhgu moaudik ,S,dfjka mj;sk njhs' tu foayh lsisÿ f,ilska fjkia fkdù mej;Su mqÿuhg lreKla úh' fuu mqÿuh ÿgqjo th msg;g fy<s l< fkdyels jQfha meje;=Kq foaYmd,k jd;djrKh ksidh' iagd,ska ñhf.dia isáho fidaúhÜ n,h b;d by< úh' tfyhska ryis.; wdldrhg i,l=Kq fkdl< j<l kej; ¨Kq msrjQ bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a ñkS fmÜáh j<,d oeñ‚'
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| 1973§ foayh |
bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=udf.a foayh ms<sn| fkdúi÷Kq wìryi fiùfï l=;=y,h we;slr.;a fuu ;reK ,dudjrhd ìïnd foda¾Isfhõ kï fõ' ìïnd foda¾Isfhõ ;reK ,dudg wï.e,ka odnfhõ kue;s tjlg wiQwg jeks úfhys isá úYajdijka;hl= yuqúh' Tyq lshd isáfha bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a ñkS fmÜáh m<uqj újr l< wjia:dfõ ;u uduKaäh ta wi, isá njhs' uduKaäh bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a foayh fjkilska f;drj ;sfnkq oEiskau oel we;s njhs' bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud keje; je<Æ ia:dkh fmkajd§ ;snqfKa fuu wiQwg yeúßÈ mqoa.,hdh'
2002 jif¾ iema;eïn¾ 11od bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud wjika yqiau fy<Sfuka jir ye;a;Emylg miq foayh ms<sn| lshefjk uú;lrjk iq¿ l;djla úuid ne,Su i|yd bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a ñkS j< kej; jrla yEß‚'
fjdaydßl úoHd{hka fofokl= yd PdhdrEm Ys,amshl= iys;j uD; YÍrh nydÆ fmÜáh újD; lsÍfï wjia:dj jd¾;d.; flrefKa fodf<dia fokl= muK jQ weiska ÿgq idlalslrejka bÈßfhah'
ñkSfmÜáh újr l< ,dudjreka ÿ¾.kaOh fyda úI îc ;uka fj; je§u j<lajd .ekSug kdia yd uqj wdjrK me,| isáh;a ;jÿrg;a tajd wejeis fkdùh' bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=udf.a isrer lsisÿ ydkshlska f;drj th nydÆ fmÜáh ;=< ksremøs;j ;sì‚' tjlg kdhl ,dud Oqrh oerE yïfnda ,dud wdhqfIfhõ lshd isáfha th ;u Ôú;fha olakg ,enqKq uyd m%d;syd¾h njhs'
bá.sf,daõ kdhl ,dud;=udf.a foayh mQckSh wdldrfhka ;udf.a ks, ksji jk bfjd,a.skaiala fj; jevuùug wdhqfIfhõ kdhl ,dud kshu lf<ah'
bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a Y%S foayh jevu lrjk ,oafoa ms<s.ekSfï fmryrla iys;j iSkq y~ ueoafoa iQ;% iÊcdhkh lrñks' bfjd,a.skaiala msysá wdY%u y;frka tll fojeks uyf,a bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a Y%S foayh ;ekam;a flß‚' wdY%ufha isá tlish mkyla muK isiqyq fkdksod m<uq uyf,a iQ;% .dhkfha fh§ isáhy'
yïfnda ,dud wdhqfIfhõ úiska miqlf,l fndfyda fokdf.a iel ixld ÿre lsÍu i|yd bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a Y%S foayh msßlaid ne,Sug bvlv ,ndfok ,§' mgq ,S ;rmamq fmf<ka by<g keÕs úg fojeks uyf,a fïihla u; Y%S foayh moaudikfha ys¢kq oelsh yelsj ;sì‚' ta jgd bámyka yd f;,a msreKq hlv Ndck úh' rka meye isjqrla wkaojd ;snQ bá.sf,daõ ,dudf.a isref¾ n| jgd ks,a meye máhla úh' foweia jeiS ;sì‚' t;=udf.a uqyqfKa YÍrdx.j, ;shqKq Ndjh u|la yels<S .sho uqyqK yd kdih 1913§ Ôjudkj isáh§ .;a PdhdrEmhg iu úh'
;ju;a bfjd,.skaiala wdY%ufhys m%o¾Ykh jk bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a Y%S foayh u< isrerl we;s oeä úh<s Ndjh fkdolajhs' th uqÿ udxi fmaYsj,ska hqla; isrerls' kshfmd;= fldgg lmd we;' moaudik bßhõfõ ;ndf.k we;s oE;a myiqfjka kefjkiq¨h' isref¾ iu uqÿh' ysifla fldgg lmd ;sfí' bá.sf,daõ ,dudf.a isrer jkaokd lsÍug hk wfkl=;a ,dudjre bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udg w;g w; §fï iïm%odhla mj;ajdf.k h;s'
bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a isrer fufia ksremøs;j ;sîu .ek fkdfhl=;a woyia m<fõ' th b;d lsÜgqfjka mÍlaId l< úoHd{hka yd fjdaydßl ffjoHjreka l< ks, m%ldYh wkqj tu isrer ;ju;a mj;skafka meh 36lg fmr ñh.sh mqoa.,hl=f.a isrerl iajNdjfhks' lsisÿ fjkilg Ndckh fkdù mj;sk tu isref¾ ish¨ udxi fmaYSka yd wNHka;r mglo ikaê iy iuo uqÿ f,i mj;S'
w,aciSrd mqj;am; fuu isrer ms<sn| ksl=;a l< jd¾;djl i|yka jQfha ¨Kq iuÕ nyd ;sîu fya;=fjka isrer wdrlaId jQ njhs' isref¾ PdhdrEm msßlaiSfï§ ¨Kq we,S ;snqKq ;eka fmfkk njo Tjqka i|yka lr ;sì‚'
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| f,kska |
j;auka m%Odk ,dudjrhd jk yïfnda ,dud whqfIfhõ m%ldY lrkafka tïndï lsÍu jeks l%ufõohla isÿl<d hehs hkak fuys§ uq¿ukskau neyer jk njhs' whqfIfhõ ,dud;=ud m%ldY lrkafka bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud Y+kH;ajh ms<sn| njqka jeãfï by<gu .sh whl= neúka tys by<u ;,hlg msúiSu fuf,i Tyqf.a isrer iqrlaIs; ùug fya;=j njhs'
lsisÿ wdldrhlska tïndï lsÍug fyda uñlrKhg ,laj fkdue;s bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a isrer ksødjlg jeà we;s nj iuyr fokdf.a u;hhs' ;j;a iuyrl= lshd isákafka ;ju;a isrer mK iys;j ;sfnk njhs' flfia jqjo mK we;s mqoa.,hl= fuka bá.sf,daõ isrer p,kh fyda w; md fi,ùu isÿ fkdlrhs' fn!oaOhka iuyr fokd úYajdi lrkafka njqka jeãfuka Wiia ;;a;ajhlg m;ajQ iuyr fokdg urKhg fmr úfYaI ;;a;ajhlg m;a úh yels nj;a tuÕska ;ukaj mdßY=oaO;ajhg m;a lr.ksñka ;uka ñh.sh miq YÍrh Èrdm;a fkdjk f,ig ilid .; yels nj;ah'
reishdfõ fi!LH wud;HdxYfha mqoa., y÷kd.ekSfï wxYfha fjdaydßl ffjoH uOHia:dkfha uydpd¾h úlag¾ iaúhd.kag wkqj yïfnda ,dud bá.sf,daõf.a isrer meh fod<ylg fmr ñh.sh whl=f.ka fjkia fkdfjhs'
uydpd¾h iaúhd.ka yd lKavdhu bá.sf,daõ ysñhkaf.a Èrdm;a fkdjqKq isref¾ mgl idïm,h;a" jegqKq ysifla" ifï fldgia yd lemQ kshfmd;= m¾fhaIKhg ,la fldg ;sfí' tajd ish,a, Ôj;ajk mqoa.,hl=f.a iෛ, ieliqug iudk nj Tjqyq lshd isá;s'
uydpd¾h iaúhd.kaf.a m¾fhaIK o;a; wkqj bá.sf,daõ ,dudf.a isref¾ fm%daàk jHqyh fjkia fkdù Ôj;ajk mqoa.,hl=g iudk wdldrfhka mj;sk nj úoHd{hka ks.ukh lr ;sfí'
tfiau ;j;a mqÿuhg m;a lrk ldrKh jkafka bá.sf,daõ ,dudf.a isref¾ ridhk ixhq;shhs' ridhksl mod¾: lsisjla tys fidhd .ekSug fkdyels ùu úoHd{hkag m%fy,sldjla ù ;sfí'
reishdkq rdcH udkj úYajúoHd,fha uydpd¾h .d,skd fh¾fIdajdo isrer mßlaId l<jqka w;r isà' weh mjikafka isg .ekSug fyda weú§ug fkdyels isref¾ m%dKh ke;s jqj;a Ndjkdj w;r;=r bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=ud urKhg fkdj fjk;a wdldrfha ;;a;ajhlg m;ajkakg we;s njhs' iuyr úg Ôj;aj isáh§u bá.sf,daõ ,dud fmdf<dj hg j<,kag we;s njo mia hgo Tyq Ôj;aj isákakg we;s njo lshk weh fmdf<dfjka msg;g .;a miq t;=udf.a ienE urKh isÿjkakg we;ehso lshkakSh'
úoHd{hkag wkqj bá.sf,daõ isrer l,a;nd .ekSu i|yd lsisÿ l,a;nd .ekSfï ridhkhla Ndú; lr ke;' iෛ, kHIaá jHqyh fjkia fkdù we;s w;r ihsfgdma,diauh Ôj;aj isákakl=g iudkh' jfrl bá.sf,daõ ,dudf.a isref¾ iu w;aje/§ulska ys,a ù we;' túg Tyq Ôj;aj isáh§ isref¾ ÈjQ reêrh msg;g tkakg jQ w;r th r;= meye;s fc,a jeks øjHhla jQ njo i|yka fõ'
flfia jqjo Èrdm;a fkdù f,dalfha ;sfnk tlu u< isrer bá.sf,daõ ,dud;=udf.a fkdfõ' úhÜkdufha yef;dhs kqjrg lsf,daóg¾ 23la wE;ska ;sfnk vlays msysá mkai,l wjika yqiau fy<E jqla ldla óka ysñhkaf.a ksi, isrero jir 300la ;siafia moaudikfhka jev ys£'
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