l=r.,;a fírd .;a;d fia fojka.,;a fírd .kak
l=r.,g fkdfofjks" fojk.,g;a i;=re wdl%uKhla'
n,xf.dv l+r., mqoìfï ;snQ uqia,sï Nla;slhkaf.a wkjir bÈlsÍï bj;alr tys mqrdúoHd leŒï wdrïN lr we;' l+r., tf,i fírd.;af;a oYl .Kkdjl m%h;akhlska miqjh' ;j;a tjka wdl%uKhla isÿjk ft;sydisl fndÿ mqoìuls" udjke,af,a fojk.,' udjke,af,a isg fyïud;.u mdf¾ ls'ó' 6la .uka lrk úg wm msúiskafka fojk., .ïudkhghs' inr.uqfõ ixpdrl wdl¾IKhla f,i kïlr ta ms<sn|j oekaùï mqjreo iúlr we;;a" fï mqo ìug isÿjk wlghq;=lï je<elaùug kï n,OdÍka mshjr .kakd njla fkdfmfka'
jir 120lg fmr furg uq,au mqrdúoHd flduidßia jQ tÉ'iS'mS' fn,a 1892 mqrdúoHd jd¾;dfõ fufia ,sõfõh' wE;ska urdñ‚ j¾Kfhkao kqÿßka Ydka; mS; j¾Kfhkao ;du% j¾Kfhkao fmfkk jk.ykhg fyaka" l=Uqre" ie|E ysref.a /ia ;=<ska §ma;su;aj fmfkk úg u;=jk oiqk j¾KkdúIhd;sl%dka;h' m¾j;h uqÿfka iu;,d fmfoil wr,sh .ia f.dïukl od .en iy úydrh msysgd we;'
Tyq tfia i|yka lf<a fojk., .ekh' úydr ukaÈrh" od.en" O¾u Yd,dj" mer‚ ix>djdih iy ffY,uh úydrfha kgnqka iy fmdl=K o msysgd we;af;a m¾j;fha Wiu fldgfiah' m¾j;fha úYd,;ajh wlalr 72ls' fï fldgi u|la ;eks;,d iajrEmhla orhs' fuu mQckSh f.dvke.s,sj,g u|la my<ska w¨;a kqjr oeäuqKav foúhka fjkqfjka lemjQ l=vd fofjd,ls'
mqrdK fn§ï wkqj .a,fndv fldarf<a ueom;a;=jg wh;a fojk., fn,s.,a" ls‚f.dv" .,afndv" mrKl=re hk y;r fldar<-hu oeln,d.; yels ne¨ï.,ls' m¾j;h u;g meñ‚ úg thg ke.Sug oerE fjfyi wu;lj hkafka fk;a mS%Kkh lrkd o¾Ykh fya;=fjks' Wvql=re l< fíiul m;=f,a isákafkl=g fuka yd;amiska by< ke.S y;rfldar<fha l÷jeá;a udTh ksïkfha fl;aj;=;a ukdj Èiafõ' inr.uq l÷ mrojñka uOH l÷lrh kef.kysßka m%dldrhla fia by< ke.S isà' y;r fldar<h bka fjkalrkd n,k" fols|" fn,a,dlv' w,amsáh" ie,j" W!rdlkao wd§ l÷ ta w;r lemS fmfka' t<Õmsáh" wïn,lkao" rdiaijlkao we;=¿ fodf<diandf.a l÷ j<d w;r ieÕj ;sfí'
fojk.,g jir mylg muK fmr .shúg oel.; yels jQfha tys m¾j;h u; msysá geïmsg úydrfha ms<suf.hs m%;sud ish,a,u ksoka fydre jkid we;s njhs' od.eno ksoka fydrekaf.a w;jrj,g f.dÿrej ;snq‚' Bg miq uf.a Bfï,a .sKqug ,sms lsysmhla ,enq‚' bka tll i|yka jQfha fuys mõfõ fldgd we;s fi,a,smshlg iy isßm;=,a leghug weisâ j;alr úkdY lsÍug wkHd.ñlhka W;aidy ord we;s njhs'
uE;l§ h<s;a fojk.,g .shúg ÿgqfõ ms<suf.h inr.uqj mqrdúoHd ld¾hd,h u.ska ixrlaIKh lr ;snqKo thg t,a,ù we;s ;¾ck kï ksud ù ke;s njhs' úydrfha wdrlaIdjg isú,a wdrlaIl Nghka lsysmfofkl= isáho Tjqkag mjd fuu wlghq;=lï je<elaùug yelshdjla ke;' mqrdúoHd rlaIs;hg wh;a úydrfha bvï m¾j;h wdikakhg tkf;lau w,a,df.k we;' iuyr bvïj,g jHdc Tmamq ilidf.k we;s njo mejfia' bvï jgd ;dmam bÈlrf.k fjkalr f.k ;sfí' ál l,lg fmr mqrdúoHd iSudj jgd iSud lKq isgqùug W;aidy l<o uqia,sï cd;slhkaf.a úfrdaOh ksid th kej;S we;' isgqùug f.kd iSudlKq wo le,E jefoñka ;sfí' úydr bvfï wkjirfhka .ia lemSuo isÿfõ' fuu wlghq;=lï yd kS;s úfrdaë l%shd m%isoaêfha isÿjqKo ta i|yd kS;sh f.d¨ù we;' ta wfma Wreuh mfil,d Pkaoh n,df.k jevlrk foaYmd,k{hkaf.a wkqyisks'
mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jo tys§ wirKù isà' cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn|j wud;Hjrhd o ksfhdackh lrkafka lE.,a, Èia;%slalh jqj;a tu Èidfõu fujeks úkdYldß oE isÿùu weoysh fkdyelsh' m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcqf.a fojk., m¾j; ,smshg wkqj fojk., r;kd,xldr ysñhkaf.a Ydik ys;ldó jevms<sfj< úia;r flf¾' fuys Wv ;=ka fnda msysgqjd ta ysñhka úydrhla lrjd jev isg we;' tu ,smshg wkqj mD;=.Sis wdl%uK yuqfõ ,xldj wrdðl fkdù Wvrg rcùug fldkmamq nKavdrg ^miqj úu,O¾uiQßh& Wmldr lf<a r;kd,xldr ysñfhda fj;s' tu fiajhg l<.=qK ie,lSug ta ysñhkag rejkafoksh .u ìcqjg kj wuqKl jmißhla we;=¿ odk ikakila u.ska msßkeóu tys úia;r flf¾'
úydrh wi, msysgd m¾j;fha we;s fmdl=K fk¿ïu,ska .ejiS we;' ;efkl WK m÷rls' ;j;a ;efkl iqÿ u,ska nrjQ wr,sh .iah' úfõl iqj ú£ug WKngj,ska ;ekQ nxl= bÈlr we;af;a fuu úydrfha wdrlaIdjg isák isú,a wdrlaIl fin¿ka úisks' is,sis,sfhka fi,fjk ;=rem;a w;S;fha isg kef.kd ix.S; rdjhla jekak' Wvrg uQ¾;s Ys,amhg ksoiqka imhk fuys nqÿ ms<su wi, msysá oklsß., ;rï úYsIag;ajhla m< fkdlrhs' fuys is;a;ï w;r fojk., r;kd,xldr ysñ" úu,O¾uiQßh rcq" nqoaO Y%djl rEm o fõ' fojk., ì;=is;=jï fï wi, msysá oklsß., ;rï Wiia fkdfõ' .en bÈlr ;sfnkafka mõj u; ;ekQ u¿jlh' u¿fõ fõÈldj l¿.,a mqjre we,a,Sfuka ilid ;sfí' ysre .skshï ù ;snqKo ksrka;rfhka yud tk iq<Õska wmf.a odyh ksfõ' wm .uka lf<a mer‚ l¿.,a úydrh fj;h' fuu ffY,uh f.dvke.s,a, f.äf.a iïm%odfha f.dvke.s,a,la nj fmfka' oekg tys mshiai .rdjeà we;' leghñka f;dr fï f.dvke.s,af,a msg; pdï fndroï leghñka hqla;h' th È.ska wä 32la o m<,s,a wä 21la o fõ' fuys we;=¿ùug tla fodrgqjla ;snqKo ljq¿ lsisjla ke;' ksoka fydrekaf.ka fíÍug fuu f.dvke.s,a,go yelsù ke;' úydrhg kqÿßka m¾j; nEjqu mgka .kakd ia:dkfhau isßm;=,a .,la leghï lr ;sfí' mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j thg hlv jeglska wdrlaIdj ,nd§ we;' isßm;=f,a È. wä 7ls' tys uÕ=,a ,l=Kq leghï lr ;sfí' isßm;=,g kqÿßka m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcqf.a fi,a,smshhs' fuu ia:dkfha lD;%su idhïj,ska ue;sjrK m%pdrl mdG we| ;sìu lk.dgqodhlh' mer‚ ix>djdi f.dvke.s,a, wi, jeisls<s .,la iy leisls<s .,la o fõ' tajd uykqjr hq.fha ,laIK m< lrhs' leghñka f;drh'
wo fuu ix>djdih Ndú; lrkafka mõfõ wdrlaIdjg isák isú,a wdrlaIl fin¿h' ix>hd jykafia,d mõj yer mduq,g f.dia isá;s' odhlhka nqoaO mQcdj /f.k mjd m¾j;h ke.Sug ue,slula olajk ksid my< ix>djdih fj; f.dia nqoaO mQcdj /f.k taug isÿj we;af;a;a wdrlaIl fin¿kagh' Tjqka ta ld¾hh uy;a ne;sfhka bgqlrk nj fmfka'
wm m¾j;h my<g neiafia fuys ft;sydisl;ajh Tma kxjk m<uqfjks mrdl%undyqf.a fi,a,smsh fidhdh' th mõj mduq,g jkakg msysgd we;' ta wi,ska we§ tk msh.eg udj; WvmuqKqj .fï isg fojk.,g .uka lsÍug ;ekQ u.hs' y;s y,ñka .uka l< wms ta fj; <Õd jQ miq ÿgqfõ is; ixfõ.fhka nrlrjk oel=uls' wfma w;S;hg oafõI lrkakjqka fi,a,smsh jgd bÈlr ;snQ hlv jeg .,jd weo oud ;sfí' tu hlv lïì weof.k hdfï§ fi,a,smsho iSÍf.disks' fojk., mqrdúoHd rlaIs;fha udhsï h<s;a ks¾Kh lr udhsï lKq isgqúh hq;=h' rlaIs; N+ñh úkdY lrkd mqoa.,hkag kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ foaYmd,k n,mEï keje;aúh hq;=h'
uQ,dY%h (- l=iqïisß úchj¾Ok ,laìu mqj;am;
l=r.,g fkdfofjks" fojk.,g;a i;=re wdl%uKhla'
jir 120lg fmr furg uq,au mqrdúoHd flduidßia jQ tÉ'iS'mS' fn,a 1892 mqrdúoHd jd¾;dfõ fufia ,sõfõh' wE;ska urdñ‚ j¾Kfhkao kqÿßka Ydka; mS; j¾Kfhkao ;du% j¾Kfhkao fmfkk jk.ykhg fyaka" l=Uqre" ie|E ysref.a /ia ;=<ska §ma;su;aj fmfkk úg u;=jk oiqk j¾KkdúIhd;sl%dka;h' m¾j;h uqÿfka iu;,d fmfoil wr,sh .ia f.dïukl od .en iy úydrh msysgd we;'
Tyq tfia i|yka lf<a fojk., .ekh' úydr ukaÈrh" od.en" O¾u Yd,dj" mer‚ ix>djdih iy ffY,uh úydrfha kgnqka iy fmdl=K o msysgd we;af;a m¾j;fha Wiu fldgfiah' m¾j;fha úYd,;ajh wlalr 72ls' fï fldgi u|la ;eks;,d iajrEmhla orhs' fuu mQckSh f.dvke.s,sj,g u|la my<ska w¨;a kqjr oeäuqKav foúhka fjkqfjka lemjQ l=vd fofjd,ls'
mqrdK fn§ï wkqj .a,fndv fldarf<a ueom;a;=jg wh;a fojk., fn,s.,a" ls‚f.dv" .,afndv" mrKl=re hk y;r fldar<-hu oeln,d.; yels ne¨ï.,ls' m¾j;h u;g meñ‚ úg thg ke.Sug oerE fjfyi wu;lj hkafka fk;a mS%Kkh lrkd o¾Ykh fya;=fjks' Wvql=re l< fíiul m;=f,a isákafkl=g fuka yd;amiska by< ke.S y;rfldar<fha l÷jeá;a udTh ksïkfha fl;aj;=;a ukdj Èiafõ' inr.uq l÷ mrojñka uOH l÷lrh kef.kysßka m%dldrhla fia by< ke.S isà' y;r fldar<h bka fjkalrkd n,k" fols|" fn,a,dlv' w,amsáh" ie,j" W!rdlkao wd§ l÷ ta w;r lemS fmfka' t<Õmsáh" wïn,lkao" rdiaijlkao we;=¿ fodf<diandf.a l÷ j<d w;r ieÕj ;sfí'
uE;l§ h<s;a fojk.,g .shúg ÿgqfõ ms<suf.h inr.uqj mqrdúoHd ld¾hd,h u.ska ixrlaIKh lr ;snqKo thg t,a,ù we;s ;¾ck kï ksud ù ke;s njhs' úydrfha wdrlaIdjg isú,a wdrlaIl Nghka lsysmfofkl= isáho Tjqkag mjd fuu wlghq;=lï je<elaùug yelshdjla ke;' mqrdúoHd rlaIs;hg wh;a úydrfha bvï m¾j;h wdikakhg tkf;lau w,a,df.k we;' iuyr bvïj,g jHdc Tmamq ilidf.k we;s njo mejfia' bvï jgd ;dmam bÈlrf.k fjkalr f.k ;sfí' ál l,lg fmr mqrdúoHd iSudj jgd iSud lKq isgqùug W;aidy l<o uqia,sï cd;slhkaf.a úfrdaOh ksid th kej;S we;' isgqùug f.kd iSudlKq wo le,E jefoñka ;sfí' úydr bvfï wkjirfhka .ia lemSuo isÿfõ' fuu wlghq;=lï yd kS;s úfrdaë l%shd m%isoaêfha isÿjqKo ta i|yd kS;sh f.d¨ù we;' ta wfma Wreuh mfil,d Pkaoh n,df.k jevlrk foaYmd,k{hkaf.a wkqyisks'
mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jo tys§ wirKù isà' cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn|j wud;Hjrhd o ksfhdackh lrkafka lE.,a, Èia;%slalh jqj;a tu Èidfõu fujeks úkdYldß oE isÿùu weoysh fkdyelsh' m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcqf.a fojk., m¾j; ,smshg wkqj fojk., r;kd,xldr ysñhkaf.a Ydik ys;ldó jevms<sfj< úia;r flf¾' fuys Wv ;=ka fnda msysgqjd ta ysñhka úydrhla lrjd jev isg we;' tu ,smshg wkqj mD;=.Sis wdl%uK yuqfõ ,xldj wrdðl fkdù Wvrg rcùug fldkmamq nKavdrg ^miqj úu,O¾uiQßh& Wmldr lf<a r;kd,xldr ysñfhda fj;s' tu fiajhg l<.=qK ie,lSug ta ysñhkag rejkafoksh .u ìcqjg kj wuqKl jmißhla we;=¿ odk ikakila u.ska msßkeóu tys úia;r flf¾'
úydrh wi, msysgd m¾j;fha we;s fmdl=K fk¿ïu,ska .ejiS we;' ;efkl WK m÷rls' ;j;a ;efkl iqÿ u,ska nrjQ wr,sh .iah' úfõl iqj ú£ug WKngj,ska ;ekQ nxl= bÈlr we;af;a fuu úydrfha wdrlaIdjg isák isú,a wdrlaIl fin¿ka úisks' is,sis,sfhka fi,fjk ;=rem;a w;S;fha isg kef.kd ix.S; rdjhla jekak' Wvrg uQ¾;s Ys,amhg ksoiqka imhk fuys nqÿ ms<su wi, msysá oklsß., ;rï úYsIag;ajhla m< fkdlrhs' fuys is;a;ï w;r fojk., r;kd,xldr ysñ" úu,O¾uiQßh rcq" nqoaO Y%djl rEm o fõ' fojk., ì;=is;=jï fï wi, msysá oklsß., ;rï Wiia fkdfõ' .en bÈlr ;sfnkafka mõj u; ;ekQ u¿jlh' u¿fõ fõÈldj l¿.,a mqjre we,a,Sfuka ilid ;sfí' ysre .skshï ù ;snqKo ksrka;rfhka yud tk iq<Õska wmf.a odyh ksfõ' wm .uka lf<a mer‚ l¿.,a úydrh fj;h' fuu ffY,uh f.dvke.s,a, f.äf.a iïm%odfha f.dvke.s,a,la nj fmfka' oekg tys mshiai .rdjeà we;' leghñka f;dr fï f.dvke.s,af,a msg; pdï fndroï leghñka hqla;h' th È.ska wä 32la o m<,s,a wä 21la o fõ' fuys we;=¿ùug tla fodrgqjla ;snqKo ljq¿ lsisjla ke;' ksoka fydrekaf.ka fíÍug fuu f.dvke.s,a,go yelsù ke;' úydrhg kqÿßka m¾j; nEjqu mgka .kakd ia:dkfhau isßm;=,a .,la leghï lr ;sfí' mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j thg hlv jeglska wdrlaIdj ,nd§ we;' isßm;=f,a È. wä 7ls' tys uÕ=,a ,l=Kq leghï lr ;sfí' isßm;=,g kqÿßka m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcqf.a fi,a,smshhs' fuu ia:dkfha lD;%su idhïj,ska ue;sjrK m%pdrl mdG we| ;sìu lk.dgqodhlh' mer‚ ix>djdi f.dvke.s,a, wi, jeisls<s .,la iy leisls<s .,la o fõ' tajd uykqjr hq.fha ,laIK m< lrhs' leghñka f;drh'
wo fuu ix>djdih Ndú; lrkafka mõfõ wdrlaIdjg isák isú,a wdrlaIl fin¿h' ix>hd jykafia,d mõj yer mduq,g f.dia isá;s' odhlhka nqoaO mQcdj /f.k mjd m¾j;h ke.Sug ue,slula olajk ksid my< ix>djdih fj; f.dia nqoaO mQcdj /f.k taug isÿj we;af;a;a wdrlaIl fin¿kagh' Tjqka ta ld¾hh uy;a ne;sfhka bgqlrk nj fmfka'
wm m¾j;h my<g neiafia fuys ft;sydisl;ajh Tma kxjk m<uqfjks mrdl%undyqf.a fi,a,smsh fidhdh' th mõj mduq,g jkakg msysgd we;' ta wi,ska we§ tk msh.eg udj; WvmuqKqj .fï isg fojk.,g .uka lsÍug ;ekQ u.hs' y;s y,ñka .uka l< wms ta fj; <Õd jQ miq ÿgqfõ is; ixfõ.fhka nrlrjk oel=uls' wfma w;S;hg oafõI lrkakjqka fi,a,smsh jgd bÈlr ;snQ hlv jeg .,jd weo oud ;sfí' tu hlv lïì weof.k hdfï§ fi,a,smsho iSÍf.disks' fojk., mqrdúoHd rlaIs;fha udhsï h<s;a ks¾Kh lr udhsï lKq isgqúh hq;=h' rlaIs; N+ñh úkdY lrkd mqoa.,hkag kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ foaYmd,k n,mEï keje;aúh hq;=h'
uQ,dY%h (- l=iqïisß úchj¾Ok ,laìu mqj;am;
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